This consists iron ore, manganese ore, coal, forest products, bauxite, phosphates and grains. Most of the seaborne trade, say about 90%, is of bulk cargo and homogenous in nature. Ro-ro ships and ferries were used to carry cargo on trucks or other wheeled vehicles. When container ships can carry all types of cargo in enclosed containers, specific ships were used to carry products like Grain, Ores and Liquid nature. There could be no interchangeability of the cargo from one vessel to another unless both the vessels are of same nature. Keeping the above to be the beginning of Liner Service, the seaborne trade was carried out in many forms based on the type of ship. When the ships could sail on their own without the influence of weather conditions and the wind flows, Merchants could fix certain timetable for the vessels to sail from one port.Īfter 4 decades, during 1860s, when the steam power has become more reliable, larger size vessels were put in operation and this was enabling the vessel owners to offer regular scheduled services in main trade routes. The success of the business and the business profits were entirely based on the fortune of Wind Flow and the successful completion of voyage and hence there was absolutely no fixed sailing of the ships.ĭuring 1820s for the first time, ships have become independent of the wind. Though the Merchant had good comfort of engaging professional to run the ship and to upkeep the ship, till the invention of steam power in 1820s, the ships had to fully depend on the wind flow and based on the directions of wind flow only the Merchants were trading. ![]() This was the first ever step by the vessel owner to appoint personnel to run the ship on his behalf under his instructions. As the Captain he would seek out primly his own cargo to trade for his profits and the concentration on various activities of managing the ship as in the position of a Captain as well as performing the Trade was felt to be a difficult task and this tough task laid the way for the trader or the vessel owner to appoint personnel to take care of the ship activity and to manage it technically. As the Trader was performing more roles one as the owner of the ship and another as the trader, he had one another important role to play that was of the Captain of the Ship also to monitor the crew and control the ship’s activity and ship’s up keeping. In most of the cases, the Merchant happened to be the owner of the ship and he carried his own goods to Trade. In the initial stages when people started trading in the other place/country leaving their own place/country, they started carrying goods that can be traded in the different part of the world, in the ships. As this could have been the very beginning of either men or material started moving in the sea with a craft, in the later stages, whenever people could think of having more comforts while in crafts, redesigned a better craft to accommodate more persons and also more commodity / goods, the same have been carried between two places and slowly between ports across the world.Īrab dhows have for centuries engaged in the trade between the Arabian Gulf and East Africa mainly depending upon winds that blow them either northeast or southwest across the Indian Ocean. By the beginning of this century the changeover had completed with Containerization supported in some areas by Roll-on/Roll-off services accounting for almost all international movement of manufactured and semi manufactured goods.įrom the day when people identified and designed a craft that can be floated on the sea, people started moving to different places from one place to another and whenever they had to move, they moved along with their necessaries. Liner shipping has seen the dramatic changes in the last phase of the 20th century. ![]() The revolution in the shipping industry and its commitment to various traders dealing world wide sitting in their territory entrusting their responsibilities on the shipping professional to move either their raw material from a different country to their point of production and their finished goods to the required point of consumption is discussed in detail in the sessions to come. It covers the origin and the history of growth of Liner Business as we could see it today from the earlier days of sea bourne trade. This introduction is made to offer the basic understanding of the nature and the scope of Liner Shipping Business.
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